HTMLCSS

HTMLCSS is the combination of HTML and CSS, the foundational technologies for building and styling web pages. HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, provides the document’s structure through elements and attributes that form a tree known as the DOM. CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, describes how the content should be presented, including layout, typography, colors, and responsive behavior. Together, HTML defines what is on the page and CSS defines how it looks.

HTML elements organize content with semantic meaning, which aids accessibility and search indexing. Common elements include headings, paragraphs, lists, links, images, and forms, as well as semantic sections like header, nav, main, article, aside, and footer. CSS applies style rules via selectors; the cascade, inheritance, and specificity determine which rules take effect when there are conflicts. Modern layout techniques rely on flexbox and CSS grid, and responsive design is implemented with media queries to adapt layouts to different screen sizes.

Standards and history: HTML was developed through standardization efforts by the W3C and WHATWG, with HTML5 introducing semantic elements, multimedia support, and APIs. CSS evolved from simple styling to a modular system that includes features such as custom properties, animations, and advanced layout controls. Cross-browser compatibility and adherence to standards are important considerations for web developers.

Best practices emphasize semantic HTML, accessible and inclusive design, performance awareness, and progressive enhancement. Tools such as validators, code editors, and browser developer tools support development. HTMLCSS remains the core foundation for web content and a prerequisite for learning more advanced web technologies.