Gymnogyps

Gymnogyps is a genus of New World vultures in the family Cathartidae. It currently contains one living species, Gymnogyps californianus, known as the California condor. The genus also includes extinct species, notably Gymnogyps varonai from the Pleistocene of Cuba.

The California condor is a large scavenger, with a wingspan reaching up to about 3 meters (approximately 9–10 feet) and a body length around 1.1–1.5 meters. Adults have a mostly bare head and neck, dark plumage, and a large beak adapted for tearing flesh. The species is among the largest land birds in North America.

Historically, Gymnogyps ranged across western North America from British Columbia to Baja California and into the Sierra Madre foothills. In modern times it survives in relict populations in the U.S. Southwest and Baja California, supported by long-running captive breeding and reintroduction programs. It is federally protected and listed as endangered in the United States. Conservation efforts have achieved population growth in recent decades, but threats such as lead poisoning from ingested ammunition, habitat loss, and disturbance persist.

Ecology and behavior: California condors are obligate scavengers feeding on carrion, often of large mammals. They have long lifespans, reach sexual maturity around six to seven years, and form long-term monogamous pair bonds. Birds typically lay one egg per year, with both parents incubating for about 54 to 58 days. The fledging period lasts several months, and juveniles disperse gradually from their natal area.

Taxonomy and name: The genus name derives from Greek gymnós "naked" and gyps "vulture."