Grunnmannréttinda

Grunnmannréttinda are fundamental human rights inherent to every person, protected by the Constitution of Iceland and by the country’s international obligations. They form the basis for the rule of law in Iceland and underpin the exercise and enjoyment of all other rights.

The scope of grunnmannréttinda includes civil and political rights such as the right to life and security of the person, prohibition of torture and cruel or degrading treatment, freedom of expression, freedom of religion or belief, freedom of assembly and association, and the right to privacy and to a fair trial with equal protection of the law. Economic, social and cultural rights are recognised to the extent provided by statute and by international treaty obligations, alongside the state’s duty to protect basic welfare and ensure access to essential services.

The constitutional framework places grunnmannréttinda at the core of governance, but rights may be restricted by law for legitimate aims such as public safety, national security, and the rights of others, provided the restrictions are necessary in a democratic society and proportionate to the aim pursued.

International law plays a key role. Iceland is bound by the European Convention on Human Rights and by UN human rights treaties; decisions of the European Court of Human Rights are binding, and domestic courts may interpret rights in light of international obligations. Remedies for violations include recourse to the judiciary and to the national ombudsman, who supervises government actions and can address complaints. Where domestic avenues prove insufficient, individuals may seek redress before international bodies.