Grippatura

Grippatura is a term used in mechanics to describe the seizure or binding of moving parts due to excessive friction. It typically arises when lubrication is insufficient or interrupted, but can also result from overheating, contaminants in the lubricant, or mechanical wear. The term comes from grippare, meaning to seize or jam a component. Grippatura most commonly affects engines, transmissions, bearings and gears, though it can occur in any machine with moving, interacting surfaces.

Causes and contributing factors include oil starvation or oil of improper grade or viscosity, coolant leaks, dirt or metal particles in the lubrication system, excessive loads, misalignment, and insufficient warm-up. Wear of bearings, pistons, rings or gears, improper assembly, and abrupt heavy loading can also initiate a grip.

Common applications and affected components are internal combustion engines, gearboxes, crankshafts, connecting rods, and rotating bearings. Symptoms consist of sudden loss of motion or power, high friction noises, excessive heat, increased resistance when turning parts, and in engines, a seized crankshaft or piston can stop operation and cause startup failure.

Prevention focuses on regular maintenance and correct lubrication practices. This includes using the manufacturer-recommended oil and filters, maintaining proper oil levels and quality, ensuring cooling systems function, keeping lubricants clean, and performing timely inspections and belt or chain tension checks. Proper warm-up and avoiding overloading operate conditions also reduce risk.

Diagnosis and repair require disassembly to inspect damaged surfaces and clearances. Damaged components such as bearings, pistons, rings or gears are often replaced, and resealing or overhauls may be necessary. In severe cases, the device may be irreparably damaged and require major refurbishment or replacement.