Grippal

Grippal is an adjective used in medical terminology to describe things related to the grippe, commonly known as influenza, or more broadly to influenza-like illness. The term is employed in several European languages and in some medical notes to denote symptoms or syndromes associated with acute respiratory infections resembling influenza. In English, grippal is uncommon and the more standard terms are influenza or influenza-like illness (ILI).

Grippal presentations typically involve a sudden onset of fever or feverish sensation, malaise, myalgia (muscle aches), headaches, and a combination of respiratory symptoms such as cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and sometimes shortness of breath. The term may appear in phrases like grippal syndrome or grippal fever to describe this cluster of symptoms, rather than a specific disease entity.

Etiology and diagnosis are similar to those for influenza and other respiratory infections. Grippal symptoms can be caused by influenza viruses, but they may also result from other viruses such as rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, or respiratory syncytial virus. Diagnosis is typically clinical, supported by laboratory testing when indicated, especially to distinguish influenza from other causes or to guide public health responses during outbreaks.

Management is generally supportive, including rest, fluids, and antipyretics or analgesics for fever and discomfort. In seasonal influenza, antiviral medications may be used in certain cases, and vaccination remains the primary preventive measure. Public health discussions of grippal illness often focus on surveillance for flu activity, transmission reduction, and vaccination coverage.

See also: influenza, influenza-like illness, respiratory infection.