Gespann

Gespann is a German term used to describe a unit of draft animals harnessed together to pull a vehicle or implement. While a Gespann can consist of two or more animals, the most common form is a two-horse team (Zweispann), but oxen, mules, or mixed pairs can also form a Gespann. The animals are driven by a single driver who uses reins and commands to coordinate their work; the harness and hitch arrangement distribute pulling force across the team. Depending on the number of animals, a Gespann may be arranged in different configurations, such as pairs side-by-side or in a line, and is attached to a carriage, wagon, plow, or other equipment.

In historical and rural contexts, Gespannen were a primary means of transport and agricultural power before the mechanization of farming. They remain in use today in traditional farming, in horse-drawn logistics, in ceremonial and recreational driving, and in some equestrian sports. Modern competitions may stress precision, coordination, and the harmony between driver and team, including aspects like voice cues, rein handling, and wheel alignment.

The term is also used figuratively in German to denote a partnership or coalition—two or more elements acting together toward a common goal. In English-language contexts, Gespann is often translated as “team (of horses)” or “harnessed team.”