Gabeln

Gabeln are forks, dining utensils used to lift, spear, or hold solid foods during meals. They consist of a handle and a head with multiple tines, with four-tine designs becoming the most common in many parts of the world. In German, Gabeln is the plural form of Gabel, the word for fork.

History and development generally trace the modern fork to the Mediterranean and Italian courts in the medieval and early modern periods. Early forks were used for cooking or serving rather than dining, and by the 16th to 17th centuries they became common at table across much of Europe. In German-speaking regions, Gabeln became widespread in the same period as dining etiquette evolved toward more formal Western styles.

Design and variants vary by purpose. The standard dinner fork typically has four tines and is used for main courses, while salad forks may be similar in size but sometimes have a longer handle or different tine shape. Specialty forks include fish forks, dessert forks, and seafood forks, each optimized for particular foods. Some sets include sauce forks, oyster forks, or cocktail forks for specific tasks. Handles range from polished stainless steel to precious metals and decorative compositions, with materials chosen for durability, hygiene, and aesthetics.

Materials and care are influenced by safety and maintenance. Stainless steel is common for everyday use due to corrosion resistance and affordability, while sterling silver or silver-plated options are valued for appearance but require care to prevent tarnish. Dishwashing and improper storage can affect finish and longevity. Proper washing and storage help preserve the function and appearance of Gabeln across households and institutions.