Fotoszenzitivitás

Fotoszenzitivitás, also known as photosensitivity or light sensitivity, refers to an increased susceptibility of the skin to sunlight. This can manifest as exaggerated sunburn reactions, rashes, or other adverse skin responses upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While a mild sunburn is a common reaction to excessive sun exposure, fotoszenzitivitás implies a reaction that is more intense or occurs with less exposure than would typically be expected.

There are two main categories of fotoszenzitivitás: primary and secondary. Primary fotoszenzitivitás is often genetic and linked to underlying medical conditions that affect the skin's ability to cope with UV radiation. Examples include certain genetic disorders like xeroderma pigmentosum, which impairs DNA repair mechanisms. Secondary fotoszenzitivitás is acquired and can be caused by various factors. These include certain medications, such as some antibiotics, diuretics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which can make the skin more reactive to sunlight. Topical agents, like retinoids or certain essential oils applied to the skin, can also induce photosensitivity. Additionally, some systemic diseases, including lupus erythematosus and porphyria, can lead to increased light sensitivity.

Symptoms of fotoszenzitivitás can range from mild redness and itching to severe blistering, swelling, and pain. The severity and type of reaction depend on the individual, the cause of the photosensitivity, and the duration and intensity of sun exposure. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and sometimes phototesting, where the skin's reaction to controlled doses of UV light is assessed. Management focuses on avoiding triggers, using broad-spectrum sunscreens diligently, wearing protective clothing, and addressing the underlying cause if it is secondary fotoszenzitivitás.