Flannels

Flannel is a soft woven fabric known for its fuzzy, brushed surface and warm feel. It can be made from various fibers, most commonly cotton and wool, but also blends that include synthetic fibers. The term covers both the material and the garments commonly made from it, such as flannel shirts and sleepwear.

Flannel construction typically involves carded or combed yarns woven in a plain or twill structure. After weaving, the fabric is brushed on one or both sides to raise fibers into a nap, creating the characteristic soft, fuzzy texture. Cotton flannel tends to be light to mid-weight, while wool flannel is heavier and warmer, offering greater insulation.

Common uses include casual shirts, pajamas, bed linens, and blankets. Wool flannel is frequently found in plaid or check patterns and is associated with outdoor and workwear styles, whereas cotton flannel is versatile for everyday clothing and lightweight bedding. Flannel fabrics vary in thickness and drape, influencing their suitability for different garments and applications.

Care instructions generally emphasize avoiding excessive heat to prevent shrinkage. Cotton flannel can shrink if not pre-shrunk; washing in cool or warm water and drying on low heat or line drying helps preserve size and texture. Flannel may pill with wear, particularly after repeated washing, so gentle laundering can extend its life.

Historically, flannel has a long-standing presence in European textile traditions and later spread to North America and elsewhere. Today, it is produced worldwide for fashion, home textiles, and industrial uses, maintaining its reputation for softness, warmth, and comfort.