Flaming

Flaming is the act of posting hostile, insulting, or inflammatory messages online with the intent to provoke a reaction, derail a discussion, or express contempt toward another user. It is common in online environments such as forums, comment sections, social media, and chat groups. Flaming differs from trolling in that flaming typically targets a specific person or group and seeks to elicit a direct hostile response, whereas trolling is often aimed at disruption more broadly.

Typical features include sharp insults, profanity, hyperbole, sarcasm, and emotionally charged language. Messages are usually brief and rely on emotional impact rather than reasoned argument. Anonymity or perceived anonymity can facilitate flaming, and flame wars may develop when participants repeatedly respond with inflammatory messages, escalating conflict.

Effects of flaming can degrade the quality of discourse, deter participation, and create a hostile online culture. It can lead to self-censorship, polarization, and in some cases harassment or abuse. In response, platforms and communities employ moderation, reporting mechanisms, and clear codes of conduct. Users may ignore incendiary posts, attempt de-escalation, or address issues civilly. Moderators may warn, suspend, or remove accounts or content that violates policies.

Prevention focuses on establishing and enforcing guidelines for respectful communication, designing systems that encourage accountability, and educating users about constructive interaction. Flaming remains a challenge for online communities seeking civil exchange while balancing free expression and safety.