Festemåter

Festemåter, or fastening methods, are techniques used to join two or more parts to form a secure assembly. They encompass mechanical fasteners, permanent joints, adhesive bonding, and clamping or interlocking connections. The choice of festemåter depends on loads, materials, environment, manufacturability, and whether the joint must be disassembled for maintenance or repair.

Mechanical fastening covers screws, bolts and nuts, rivets, pins, and clamps. These methods provide adjustable preload, ease of disassembly, and tolerance accommodation. They can be less material-efficient and may loosen under vibration unless secured with locking devices or proper preload. Design considerations include thread geometry, preload, load direction (shear or tension), and corrosion resistance.

Permanent joints and bonding methods include welding, brazing, and soldering, which create integral joints but can hinder disassembly. Adhesive bonding uses structural epoxies or acrylics to distribute stress over large areas, often improving fatigue performance but requiring surface preparation and suitable environmental resistance. Traditional woodworking and metalworking also use joints such as mortise-and-tenon, dovetails, or press fits for interference connections.

Clamping, interlocking, and mounting strategies rely on geometry and friction rather than fasteners. These are common in quick-release assemblies, temporary fixtures, and furniture, where disassembly is frequent or where fasteners would be undesirable.

Standards and testing for festemåter are provided by international and regional bodies such as ISO, DIN, EN, and ASTM. Selection depends on service loads, temperature, corrosion, and lifecycle requirements, with safety factors and maintenance schedules guiding long-term performance. The concept has evolved from traditional joinery to modern composite and bonded structures.