Fencer

A fencer is an athlete who practices fencing, a competitive sport that combines physical fitness, strategy, and swordwork. Fencing developed from historical swordsmanship and dueling into a modern sport in the 19th century and is organized internationally as a recreational and competitive activity.

Fencing is practiced with three weapons: foil, épée, and sabre. Each has distinct targets and rules. Foil targets the torso, uses only hits with the blade’s tip, and employs right-of-way rules to determine who scores when both fencers land touches. Épée targets the entire body, uses only tip touches, and does not employ right-of-way, so simultaneous touches can occur. Sabre targets everything above the waist and allows touches with either the edge or the tip; it also uses right-of-way. Scoring for foil and sabre relies on electronic sensors in the equipment, while épée scoring registers through a conductive vest and blade tip.

Equipment includes protective gear such as a mask, jacket, plastron (underarm protector), glove, and a blade appropriate to the weapon. A conductive vest or lamé is used in foil and sabre to register valid touches; épée relies on a similar sensor system integrated into the fencing jacket. Fencers train in footwork, blade work, timing, distance, and tactical decision-making, often at clubs or national training centers.

Governing bodies include the Fédération Internationale d'Escrime (FIE), which sets rules and sanctions international competition. Major events include the Olympic Games, World Fencing Championships, and World Cup circuits, where fencers earn rankings and medals across the three weapons.