Etichetare

Etichetare is the act of attaching labels to objects or containers to convey information about their contents, origin, handling, or status. The term is used across contexts such as manufacturing, retail, logistics, and information technology. In addition to physical labels, etichetare can refer to data labeling in machine learning, where humans or automated systems assign descriptive tags to data samples to enable supervised learning.

In product packaging, etichetarea involves providing information required by law: product name, ingredients, net quantity, date marks, allergens, storage conditions, lot number, and producer contact. Compliance is governed by national and international rules; in the European Union, the Food Information to Consumers Regulation (EU) 1169/2011 sets general requirements for food labeling, while other products have sector-specific rules. In retail, labels may also carry branding, pricing, barcodes, and QR codes for inventory and traceability; labeling also supports recalls and provenance.

Data labeling: In data science, etichetare de date refers to the process of assigning labels or annotations to data samples—images, text, or audio—to train machine learning models. High-quality labels improve model accuracy; typical methods include human annotation, crowdsourcing, and semi-automated labeling. Quality control includes inter-annotator agreement, validation samples, and auditing for bias and errors; privacy concerns may arise when labeling sensitive data.

In logistics and manufacturing, labels such as barcodes, RFID tags, and serial numbers enable tracking, inventory management, and compliance with traceability standards. Label design emphasizes readability, durability, and scannability across environments.