Erythema

Erythema is a medical condition characterized by the redness of the skin, typically due to increased blood flow to the area. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from minor irritations to more serious underlying health issues. The redness often appears as patches or areas of discoloration, which may be accompanied by warmth, itching, or tenderness.

Common causes of erythema include sun exposure, which triggers a reaction known as sunburn. Other superficial causes may involve friction, such as from clothing or equipment, leading to conditions like chafing or dermatitis. Infections, such as those caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, can also induce erythema, often accompanied by swelling, pus, or other symptoms like fever. Allergic reactions to substances like medications, foods, or environmental allergens may present as red, itchy patches.

More severe erythema can signal underlying conditions, including inflammatory diseases like psoriasis or eczema, or systemic illnesses such as lupus or certain infections like cellulitis. In some cases, erythema may be a sign of vascular issues, such as Raynaud’s phenomenon or vasculitis, where blood vessels become inflamed or damaged.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and may include additional tests, such as skin biopsies or blood work, to identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause; mild cases may be managed with topical creams, cool compresses, or avoiding triggers. Severe or persistent erythema should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to prevent complications and ensure appropriate treatment.