Endomeetrioos

Endomeetrioos is a medical condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, grows outside the uterus. This tissue can be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the outer surface of the uterus, and in some cases, on other organs like the bladder or bowel. The misplaced endometrial tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, causing it to thicken, break down, and bleed. However, unlike menstrual blood from the uterus, this blood has no way to exit the body. This leads to inflammation, pain, scarring, and the formation of adhesions, which are bands of fibrous tissue that can bind organs together.

The exact cause of endomeetrioos is not fully understood, but several theories exist, including retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity instead of out of the body. Other theories suggest a genetic predisposition, an immune system dysfunction, or the transformation of peritoneal cells into endometrial-like cells.

Symptoms of endomeetrioos can vary widely in severity and may include painful menstrual periods, pain during or after sexual intercourse, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and sometimes pain during bowel movements or urination, especially during menstruation. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. A definitive diagnosis is usually made through laparoscopy, a surgical procedure where a small camera is inserted into the abdomen. Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms and whether fertility is desired and can include pain medication, hormonal therapy to regulate or stop menstruation, and surgery to remove endometrial implants and adhesions.