Eczka

Eczka is the Polish term for eczema, a group of chronic inflammatory skin conditions characterized by dry, itchy, red or scaly patches. The most common form is atopic dermatitis, but other forms exist, including contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis.

Causes and pathophysiology: Eczema results from a combination of skin barrier dysfunction, genetic predisposition (such as filaggrin gene mutations), immune dysregulation with Th2-skewed responses, and environmental triggers like soaps, fragrances, allergens, heat, and stress. The condition is not contagious.

Symptoms and diagnosis: Itching is typical, with red, inflamed, dry patches that may be scaly or oozing. In adults, affected areas are often in flexural regions (elbows, behind the knees); in children, the face and scalp are common. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on history and examination. Tests are used when contact dermatitis or infection is suspected, including patch testing or skin swabs.

Treatment: Regular moisturization and barrier repair are central. Topical anti-inflammatory therapies, such as corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors, are used during flares. In moderate to severe cases, phototherapy or systemic treatments (including biologics like dupilumab) may be considered. Avoid triggers and treat skin infections promptly; tailor treatment to the severity and the patient’s age and comorbidities.

Epidemiology and prognosis: Eczema is common in children and often persists into adulthood, with waxing and waning over time. Prevalence varies by region, and many patients have concomitant allergic diseases such as asthma or allergic rhinitis. With proper management, symptoms can be controlled and quality of life improved.