EMItiltak

EMItiltak, or EMI-tiltak, refers to the set of actions and design practices aimed at reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI) and improving electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of electrical and electronic systems. The goal is to prevent unwanted emissions from a device and to ensure adequate immunity to external electromagnetic disturbances, enabling reliable operation in its intended environment.

EMI sources include conducted emission in power and signal lines and radiated emission from cables, enclosures, or antennas. Systems also face immunity requirements, where they must withstand EMI from external sources within specified levels. Measurements are typically categorized as emissions or immunity, and as radiated or conducted.

Mitigation measures span design and installation choices: proper PCB layout, grounding strategy, shielding enclosures, EMI filters and decoupling, ferrite beads and chokes, twisted-pair cabling, separation of noisy and sensitive circuits, galvanic isolation, and robust power supply design; also, physical layout to minimize loop areas and to control cable routing; and in installations, cable management, connectors with shielding, and enclosures.

EMC regulatory framework includes standards such as IEC 61000 series for EMC testing, CISPR 22/32 for emissions, IEC 61000-4-x for immunity tests, and regional regulations like the EU CE marking and the FCC Part 15 in the United States. Verification typically involves laboratory measurements using accredited EMC test facilities and pre-compliance simulations.

EMItiltak are considered throughout product development and ongoing operation; they require risk assessment, documentation, and integration with safety and reliability programs. In practice, measures vary by domain, with stricter requirements in automotive and medical equipment. Ongoing trends include growing complexity of high-speed digital systems, wireless coexistence, and the use of simulation tools to predict EMI before prototyping.