FCC

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The commission's goals include promoting competition, encouraging innovation, protecting consumers, and ensuring reliable public safety communications.

Established by the Communications Act of 1934, the FCC consolidated authority that had previously been carried out by the Federal Radio Commission and other agencies. Over time, its jurisdiction expanded to cover new communication technologies, including television, cellular networks, and broadband internet.

Governance rests with five commissioners appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; no more than three may belong to the same political party. One commissioner serves as chair. The agency operates through multiple bureaus and offices, such as the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau, International Bureau, Wireline Competition Bureau, Media Bureau, Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau, and the Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, among others.

Key powers include licensing and regulating spectrum, issuing rules and licenses, enforcing compliance, and conducting rulemaking. The FCC also manages spectrum auctions, oversees broadcasting and telecommunications service quality, protects consumers, and supports public safety communications, including 911 access and emergency interoperability. It collaborates with international regulators on cross-border issues and information sharing.

Policies on net neutrality and broadband classification have generated public debate and changes in direction at different times. FCC decisions are subject to judicial review and can be revised by future administrations or legislation. The agency's work affects broadcasters, telecom operators, internet service providers, and consumers nationwide.