Dopingcontroles

Dopingcontroles are procedures and measures designed to detect the use of prohibited substances and methods in sport. They aim to ensure fair competition, protect athlete health, and uphold the integrity of sport.

Governing bodies and framework: Anti-doping work is coordinated by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and national anti-doping organizations (NADOs) or national sport federations. The rules are codified in the World Anti-Doping Code, which defines prohibited substances, prohibited methods, testing rules, and sanctions. National agencies adapt and implement these rules within their own sport systems.

Types of tests and procedures: Dopingcontroles occur both in-competition (IC) and out-of-competition (OOC). Athletes can be selected randomly, target-tested after events, or tested based on risk assessment. Testing involves notifying the athlete, collecting samples (urine or blood), and maintaining a strict chain of custody to preserve evidence. Most samples are split into an A and B bottle, with the A sample analyzed first and the B sample kept in reserve in case of a confirmatory test. Laboratories—typically WADA-accredited—perform the analyses and report any findings.

Results management and sanctions: When a prohibited substance or method is confirmed, an adverse analytical finding or other violation leads to results management procedures, possible provisional suspensions, and formal sanctions. Penalties vary by substance, context, and prior violations and can include bans, loss of prizes, or other sanctions. The athlete has rights during the process, including access to information and the option to have a B sample analysed.

Challenges and developments: Doping controls must address evolving doping techniques, such as micro-dosing, masking agents, and new methods, while balancing privacy and ethical considerations. Continuous improvements in detection and enforcement remain central to anti-doping efforts.