Dolomites

The Dolomites are a mountain range in northeastern Italy, forming the eastern section of the Southern Limestone Alps. They span portions of the autonomous provinces of Bolzano-South Tyrol, Trentino, and Veneto (Belluno and portions of the Dolomiti). The range is named for the mineral dolomite, a magnesium–calcium carbonate that gives the rocks their distinctive pale, pink-tinted appearance especially at sunrise. The name first appeared in the 18th century after the French geologist Déodat de Dolomieu who studied the rock.

Geology and landscape: The Dolomites are noted for sheer cliffs, spires, and extensive karst features. They are primarily composed of dolomite rock formed during the Early Triassic from a carbonate platform that was later uplifted and eroded. The landscape includes famous groups and peaks such as the Sella, the Marmolada (the highest peak at 3,343 meters), the Civetta, and the Tre Cime di Lavaredo. The area exhibits rugged relief, extensive valleys, and a network of alpine passes.

Climate and ecology: The range experiences an Alpine climate with cold winters and short, cool summers; weather can be volatile and affects tourism. Alpine flora and fauna include edelweiss, pine forests at lower elevations, ibex, chamois, and marmots. Human settlement is concentrated in valleys with Ladin-speaking communities retaining distinct customs and culture.

Human use and conservation: The Dolomites are a major destination for hiking, via ferrata climbing, skiing, and mountaineering. The region includes numerous protected areas and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2009 for its exceptional geological composition, beauty, and cultural landscape.