Demenssi

Demenssi is a term used in some languages to refer to a syndrome of persistent, progressive cognitive decline affecting memory and other thinking abilities, sufficient to interfere with daily living. In many contexts the term aligns with dementia, though usage can vary regionally. It is not a single disease but a group of conditions with common clinical features.

Core symptoms include memory impairment, language difficulties, impaired executive function, visuospatial problems, and changes in personality or behavior. Symptoms typically worsen over time and can lead to loss of independence.

Most demenssi cases result from neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Alzheimer's disease, but also vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Other causes include mixed etiologies, metabolic disorders, infections, head injury, or substance effects. Reversible causes (depression, thyroid disease, vitamin deficiencies) should be evaluated.

Diagnosis relies on clinical history and cognitive testing, supported by brain imaging (MRI or CT) and laboratory tests to identify reversible factors and rule out other conditions.

Treatment is multidisciplinary and aimed at symptom relief and maintaining quality of life. There is no cure for most forms. Treatments may include cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine in certain Alzheimer's cases, management of vascular risk factors, sleep and mood management, and supportive care, including caregiver education and safety planning.

Prognosis varies with the underlying cause and age at onset, but dementia is typically progressive. Prevalence increases with age; aging populations contribute to rising numbers worldwide. Risk reduction strategies focus on cardiovascular health, physical activity, social engagement, and brain-stimulating activities.

Terminology and classification can differ by country; readers should consult regional medical guidelines for precise definitions and diagnostic criteria.