DNSmetilekció
DNSmetilekció, or DNA methylation in English, is a biochemical process in which a methyl group is added to the 5 position of cytosine residues in DNA, most commonly at CpG dinucleotides. This epigenetic modification is carried out by DNA methyltransferases, including maintenance DNMT1 and de novo DNMT3A and DNMT3B in humans. Methylation patterns are established during development and are propagated through cell divisions, contributing to the stable regulation of gene expression.
Methylation influences gene activity through chromatin and transcriptional changes. When occurring in gene promoters, methylation typically
Abnormal DNA methylation is linked to numerous diseases and physiological processes. In cancer, promoter hypermethylation can
Removal and remodeling of methylation occur through active demethylation, involving enzymes such as TET proteins that
Techniques to study DNSmetilekció include bisulfite sequencing, methylation-specific PCR, array-based profiling, and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, enabling