Csontcsere

Csontcsere, also known as bone grafting, is a surgical procedure used to repair or replace damaged or lost bone tissue. It is commonly applied in dental, maxillofacial, orthopedic, and reconstructive surgeries to promote bone regeneration and restore function or aesthetics. The procedure involves transplanting bone tissue from a donor site to the deficient area, encouraging new bone growth through osteoconduction (scaffold support), osteoinduction (stimulation of new bone formation), and osteogenesis (formation of new bone cells).

There are several types of bone grafts employed in csontcsere. Autografts use the patient’s own bone, often harvested from the pelvis or tibia, which offers high biocompatibility and integration potential. Allografts are sourced from cadaveric donors and are processed to ensure safety and reduce rejection risk. Xenografts involve animal-derived bone, typically from bovines, while synthetic materials, such as calcium phosphate or bioactive glass, are also used for certain applications.

The primary goals of csontcsere are to provide a stable framework for dental implants, facilitate fracture healing, or reconstruct structural deformities. Success depends on proper surgical technique, graft material selection, and the patient's biological response. Although generally effective, potential complications include infection, graft rejection, or resorption of the transplanted bone.

Advances in biomaterials and tissue engineering continue to improve the outcomes of csontcsere, with innovations such as growth factors and stem cell integration enhancing regenerative capacity. This procedure remains a vital component in various clinical fields to restore bone integrity and improve patient quality of life.