Copilots

Copilot is the second pilot in the cockpit, typically referred to as the first officer or SIC (second-in-command). The copilot shares the responsibilities of flying the aircraft with the captain and is trained to assume command if the captain is unable to continue. In normal operations, the captain has final authority, but both pilots work together through crew resource management to ensure safe, efficient flight. Core duties include monitoring flight instruments and systems, managing communications with air traffic control, operating or supervising the aircraft’s automation, and performing navigation, flight planning, and checklists. The copilot assists with takeoff, climbs, cruise, approaches, and landings under the captain’s supervision and may act as the relief pilot on long-haul flights.

Training and qualifications: Becoming a copilot requires substantial flight training and certification. In most jurisdictions, this includes a commercial pilot license or its equivalent, an instrument rating, and a multi-engine endorsement, plus a minimum number of flight hours. For airline service, pilots typically obtain an airline transport pilot license and a type rating for the specific aircraft. Prospective copilots undergo airline-specific programs, simulator training, and line checks before upgrading to captain. Ongoing training covers safety procedures, CRM, and handling abnormal or emergency scenarios.

Role and context: The term copilot is commonly used interchangeably with first officer. Career progression usually moves from first officer to captain after meeting flight-hour requirements and completing upgrade training. Advances in cockpit automation influence the copilot’s duties, with greater emphasis on monitoring and decision-making and less on manual control for routine tasks. Copilots operate in commercial aviation worldwide, in regional and major airlines, and may also serve in other flight roles where two-pilot operation is standard.