Coordinatenmeters

Coordinatenmeters (coordinate measuring machines, CMMs) are precision instruments used to measure the geometry of physical objects by sensing discrete points on their surfaces and reporting coordinates in a defined reference frame. They translate probe data into position information along orthogonal axes to determine dimensions, form, and positional relationships relative to design specifications.

Typical components include a rigid frame or bridge, axis guideways, a movable probe or sensor, a controller, and measurement software. Probe types range from tactile (touch-trigger and scanning) to non-contact optical and laser sensors, enabling multi-sensor inspection strategies. Machines are available in several configurations: bridge, gantry, cantilever, horizontal arm, and portable articulated-arm systems, chosen according to part size, accuracy requirements, and shop-floor conditions.

Coordinatenmeters are widely used in manufacturing quality control, inspection of machined parts, tool and die verification, reverse engineering, and calibration laboratories. Their performance is affected by environmental factors (temperature, vibration), machine stiffness, probe choice, and software algorithms. Accuracy and performance are commonly assessed against standards such as ISO 10360, with routine calibration and thermal control necessary to maintain traceability.

Advances in controller motion, multi-sensor fusion, and scanning speeds have expanded CMM capability, allowing faster inspection and integration with CAD models and manufacturing execution systems. Despite these improvements, trade-offs persist between throughput, contact/non-contact sensing, and the highest achievable measurement uncertainty.