Comedown

A comedown is the period after the peak effects of a psychoactive substance, during which mood and physical functioning can decline as the drug's effects wear off. The experience is influenced by the substance used, dose, individual physiology, sleep, nutrition, and environment.

Comedowns can follow a wide range of substances, including stimulants (such as cocaine, methamphetamine, and amphetamine), cannabis, alcohol, hallucinogens, and certain prescription medications used recreationally. The symptoms and their severity vary with the substance and the person, and may be affected by factors like sleep quality and hydration.

Common symptoms include fatigue, irritability, anxiety, depressed mood, sleep disturbance, decreased motivation, cravings, headaches, muscle aches, nausea, and cognitive difficulties. The duration and intensity depend on the substance and the individual; stimulant comedowns often peak within the first day and may last several days, while comedowns from other drugs can persist longer.

Comedown is distinct from withdrawal, which stems from dependence and involves a broader range of symptoms that occur after stopping regular use. Risk factors for a difficult comedown include high dose, insufficient sleep, dehydration, poor nutrition, and preexisting mental health concerns.

Management focuses on safety and recovery: rest, hydration, balanced meals, gentle activity, and adequate sleep; avoiding further drug use during the period; and seeking medical attention if symptoms are severe, prolonged, or include danger signs. For individuals with problematic use, professional help and support services may be appropriate.