Chulainn

Cú Chulainn is a legendary Irish hero of the Ulster Cycle, celebrated in medieval Irish literature for his martial prowess and enmity against the forces of Connacht. His birth name was Sétanta, and he earns the epithet Cú Chulainn, meaning “Hound of Ulster,” after killing Culann’s guard dog and offering to take its place until a replacement hound could be raised.

According to the legends, Cú Chulainn is the son of the god Lugh and a mortal mother, and he receives heroic training from Scáthach in the land of Scotland (Alba). There he learns advanced combat skills and the Gáe Bulg, a deadly barbed spear. He develops a reputation for prowess on the battlefield and for his loyalty to Ulster and its kings. A defining trait is his ability to fight as a lone champion in defense of Ulster against much larger forces.

Cú Chulainn’s most famous exploits occur during the Cattle Raid of Cooley (Táin Bó Cúailnge), when he single-handedly holds off Medb and the Connacht army while Ulster’s warriors are incapacitated. He defeats many foes in various duels, including the renowned combat with Fer Diad, a close rival and erstwhile foster-brother. His battles are further marked by the legendary warp-spasm, a transformative fury that multiplies his strength and courage.

In later tradition, Cú Chulainn dies after a long career of combat, mortally wounded in battle or by treachery, depending on the version. He remains a central figure in Irish mythology and a symbol of heroic courage and national identity, with his stories influencing later works and national folklore.