Táin

Táin is an Irish term meaning raid or expedition, and in medieval Irish literature it is used as the title for several heroic sagas in the Ulster Cycle. The best-known example is Táin Bó Cúailnge (The Cattle Raid of Cooley), a central tale in the Ulster Cycle preserved in manuscripts such as the Lebor na hUidre (The Book of the Dun Cow) and the Book of Leinster. The work likely reflects older oral tradition and was assembled and elaborated in the medieval period.

Plot overview: The narrative centers on Medb (Maeve) of Connacht and her husband Ailill, who launch a war to seize the Brown Bull of Cuailnge from Ulster. Ulster’s warriors are weakened by a magical curse, enabling Cú Chulainn, Ulster’s principal hero, to oppose the invaders through a series of feats and single combats. The story intertwines episodes such as Cú Chulainn’s training with the warrior-woman Scáthach, his forthcoming battles, and his clash with Ferdiad, a former comrade. The conflict escalates and culminates in the costly pursuit of the bull, with extensive losses on both sides.

Themes and significance: The Táin is a foundational text of Irish myth, illustrating concepts of kingship, honor, hospitality, and the hero’s prowess. It has influenced later Irish literature and has resonances in modern adaptations, study of the Old Irish language, folklore, and national cultural identity.