husband

A husband is a male spouse in a marriage or legally recognized union. The term is typically used to describe a man who is married to a wife or female partner. In gender-neutral language, the word spouse is used to refer to either partner.

Etymology: The word derives from Old English husbonda, from hus “house” and benda “occupant” or “master of a house,” originally meaning “householder.” Over time it came to denote the male partner in a marital relationship.

Role and responsibilities: In many legal systems, a husband may have duties of support and mutual responsibility to the household and children. Legal rights often include property rights, inheritance, and tax status, with specifics varying by jurisdiction. Modern practice in many countries emphasizes equality between spouses, with shared decision-making and finances common in many households.

Cultural and social variation: Cultural expectations about husbands have varied across time and place. Some societies historically valued the husband as head of the household; others promote egalitarian relationships. Polygyny exists in some cultures; monogamy is preferred or mandated in many places. Legal recognition for same-sex marriages and civil unions has expanded, affecting terminology and legal status for spouses in those relationships.

Contemporary context: Marriage can be dissolved through divorce or annulment, which affects alimony or spousal support, child custody, and survivor benefits. Many jurisdictions recognize other forms of partnership, such as domestic partnerships or civil unions, reflecting diverse family structures. The term husband remains one part of evolving language around marital and family roles.