Catocalinae

Catocalinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Erebidae. This subfamily is large and diverse, containing numerous genera and species found across the globe. Moths in Catocalinae are often referred to as underwing moths or owlet moths, though the latter term also applies to other moth subfamilies. A defining characteristic of many Catocalinae species is the presence of brightly colored hindwings, which are typically concealed at rest. When disturbed, these moths flash their vibrant hindwings, a behavior thought to startle predators or redirect attacks.

The forewings of Catocalinae moths are usually cryptically colored, blending with their surroundings to provide camouflage. This allows them to remain hidden from predators while resting on tree bark, leaf litter, or other substrates. The larvae of Catocalinae moths, like those of many moths, are caterpillars. Their diets vary depending on the species, but many feed on the leaves of specific host plants, which can include trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Some species are considered agricultural pests due to their feeding habits, while others are of little economic significance.

The subfamily Catocalinae encompasses a wide range of sizes and patterns. Some species are relatively small and drab, while others are large with intricate markings. The life cycle involves complete metamorphosis, with eggs hatching into larvae, which then pupate before emerging as adult moths. Adult moths are typically nocturnal or crepuscular, becoming active during the night or twilight hours. Their adult diet often consists of nectar from flowers, although some species may not feed at all as adults.