Carduelis

Carduelis is a genus of small to medium-sized passerine birds in the finch family Fringillidae. The genus has historically grouped a number of seed-eating finches known as goldfinches and their relatives. In modern classifications, molecular studies have led many authorities to move several species to the genus Spinus, so the exact composition of Carduelis varies by taxonomy. Notable species commonly associated with Carduelis in traditional lists include the European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and the European greenfinch (Carduelis chloris), though many authorities place them in Spinus.

Physically, Carduelis species are typically small to medium-sized with stout conical bills for seed eating. Plumage often includes bright or distinctive markings, especially in males, while females tend to be duller. They seed-diet and feed on a variety of plants, including thistles, composites, and grasses, and may visit gardens and farmland during the non-breeding season. They are generally social, forming small flocks outside the breeding season. Breeding behavior includes cup-shaped nests placed in shrubs or trees; clutches usually contain several eggs, and both parents participate in feeding the young.

Geographic ranges of the genus vary by species, but traditional Carduelis relatives are widespread across Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. The taxonomic status of Carduelis reflects ongoing revisions in finch systematics, and users should consult current checklists for species-level placement.