Calluskudosta

Calluskudosta, or callus tissue, is a mass of cells that forms in response to wounding, royal or intentional induction in tissue culture. The concept applies across plants and animals, but the tissue’s origin, composition, and role differ between kingdoms.

In plants, callus tissue arises from explanted tissues when placed on nutrient media containing plant hormones, especially auxins. The resulting cells are typically undifferentiated and highly plastic, capable of proliferating and, given the right hormonal balance, differentiating into shoots, roots, or other tissues. Plant callus is central to tissue culture and clonal propagation, genetic transformation, and somatic embryogenesis. The efficiency and behavior of callus formation depend on species, genotype, medium composition, light, and temperature.

In animals and humans, callus formation is part of fracture healing. After injury, an inflammatory response leads to the formation of a soft callus—mainly fibrocartilaginous tissue—that bridges the fracture. Over weeks, the soft callus is mineralized into a hard callus composed of woven bone, which is later remodeled into mature lamellar bone. The speed and quality of this process are influenced by age, blood supply, stability of the fracture, nutrition, and comorbidities.

Dermatologically, a cutaneous callus is a thickened patch of keratin on the skin due to repeated pressure or friction, commonly seen on hands and feet. While benign, excessive cutaneous calluses can cause discomfort or fissuring if not managed.

Overall, calluskudosta represents a common biological response to tissue stress that can aid healing and regeneration in some contexts but may indicate pathological or mechanical issues in others.