Cablewire

Cablewire is a generic term used to describe assemblies of insulated conductors designed to carry electrical power or signals. In technical practice, wire refers to a single conductor, while cable denotes a bundle of two or more insulated conductors within an outer sheath. Cablewire products combine these concepts and include both multi-conductor cables and single-conductor wires used in various applications.

Most electrical conductors in cablewire are copper or aluminum. Conductors are stranded to improve flexibility or solid for stiffness. Insulation materials include vinyl (PVC), cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), and other polymers chosen for temperature, flame retardance, and chemical resistance. The outer jackets or sheaths provide mechanical protection and environmental sealing and may be made of PVC, polyethylene, rubber, or thermoset elastomers. Some cables include shielding; foil or braided shields reduce electromagnetic interference. Hybrid cables may include optical fibers for data transmission alongside electrical conductors.

Common categories include building or appliance wiring (low voltage, flexible cords), power cables for distribution and service entrance, control and instrumentation cables, automotive and aerospace cables, and communication cables such as coaxial or twisted-pair. Fiber-optic cables are not metallic wires but are often grouped with cable products under broader 'cable' terminology.

Cablewire products are specified and regulated by national and international standards. In the United States, the National Electrical Code (NEC) and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listing apply. In Europe, IEC standards govern construction and testing, with regional additions. Voltage ratings, temperature ratings, and conductor cross-sectional area determine suitable applications. Proper installation requires correct gauge, secure terminations, and protection from physical damage and moisture.