CV2X

CV2X, short for Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything, is a vehicular communication technology that uses cellular networks and 3GPP standards to enable data exchange among vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and the broader network. It encompasses vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), and vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, collectively enabling cooperative awareness, traffic management, and automated driving services.

Technically, CV2X builds on LTE-V2X and 5G-V2X and uses two core interfaces: PC5, a direct sidelink interface for device-to-device communications without network involvement, and Uu, the traditional cellular interface between user equipment and the network core. Direct PC5 communications support V2V, V2P, and V2I with network-assisted resource scheduling; a cellular core enables V2N applications and cloud-based services. The technology uses standardized message sets such as CAM (Cooperative Awareness Messages) and DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Messages). Security relies on PKI-based authentication and integrity safeguards; privacy-preserving mechanisms are addressed by design.

In the market, CV2X competes with or complements DSRC (IEEE 802.11p) and the European ITS-G5 stack. Proponents cite broader cellular coverage, network-assisted management, and scalable upgrades, while some regions have regulatory decisions favoring one approach over the other. Deployment has progressed through field trials and automotive and telecommunications collaborations; full global harmonization remains under discussion.

Applications include safety-critical warnings, cooperative driving, traffic efficiency, and infotainment services. CV2X aims to support low-latency, reliable communications in high-mobility scenarios and is a key component of next-generation intelligent transportation systems.