CDPCholin

CDP-choline, also known as citicoline or CDP-choline, is a nucleotide consisting of cytidine diphosphate choline. It is an intermediate in the CDP-choline pathway that leads to phosphatidylcholine, a major phospholipid in cell membranes.

Pharmacology and mechanism: When administered, CDP-choline is hydrolyzed to choline and cytidine, which can be reused in the brain to synthesize acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine. It crosses the blood–brain barrier and is thought to support membrane repair and neurotransmitter production after brain injury. In addition to providing choline, its metabolites may influence neuronal membrane integrity and cellular energy dynamics.

Medical use and regulation: In some countries CDP-choline is prescribed for cerebrovascular disorders, stroke rehabilitation, traumatic brain injury, and certain cognitive impairments. In other regions it is sold as a dietary supplement. Evidence from clinical trials is mixed: some studies report modest benefits in functional outcomes after stroke or in vascular cognitive impairment, but systematic reviews often conclude small or inconclusive effects, with results varying by population and study design. It is not approved by the U.S. FDA for any indication.

Safety and availability: CDP-choline is generally well tolerated; common adverse effects include insomnia, headaches, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Serious adverse events are rare. It is available worldwide under various names, with the branded form Cognizin among others; it may be obtained as a prescription medication in some countries and as a dietary supplement in others.