CDPcholine

CDP-choline, also known as citicoline or cytidine diphosphate choline, is a naturally occurring phospholipid intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. It is used as a dietary supplement in many countries and is available by prescription in some jurisdictions for cognitive or neurological conditions.

Mechanism and action: In vivo CDP-choline is hydrolyzed into choline and cytidine, which are then used for acetylcholine synthesis and phosphatidylcholine production via the Kennedy pathway. Cytidine is deaminated to uridine. The resultant increase in membrane phospholipids and acetylcholine is thought to support neuronal membrane integrity and neurotransmission, potentially aiding recovery after neuronal injury.

Clinical evidence and use: CDP-choline has been investigated for stroke recovery, traumatic brain injury, and various forms of cognitive impairment, including vascular and age-related conditions. Some studies report modest improvements in memory or functional outcomes, particularly after stroke, but findingsAre not consistently replicated. It is not universally approved as a drug; availability and regulatory status vary by country, and it is widely used as a supplement in many markets.

Safety and tolerability: CDP-choline is generally well tolerated. Reported adverse effects are uncommon and may include insomnia, headaches, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Potential drug interactions are not well defined; data on use during pregnancy or lactation are limited, so caution is advised in these populations.

Form and dosage: Available in oral capsules or tablets. Common study dosages range from 500 to 2000 mg per day, often taken in divided doses.