CADmodell

CADmodell, or CAD model, is the digital representation of a product or component created with computer-aided design software. It typically encodes geometry, dimensions, tolerances, materials, and assembly relationships, and can exist as a 3D solid or surface model, a 2D drawing, or a combination of these. CAD modelling supports visualization, analysis, and manufacturing planning, and serves as the primary source of information for production and quality control.

Most CAD models are built from geometric primitives and features, connected by constraints and parameters. In parametric modelling, design intent is captured through variables that drive geometry; changing a parameter updates dependent features automatically. Direct modelling, by contrast, manipulates geometry without maintaining a history of features. In assemblies, individual parts are positioned and constrained relative to one another to study fit, movement, and interference.

Common file formats include the native format of a CAD system and interchange formats such as STEP (ISO 10303), IGES, STL for rapid prototyping, and DWG/DXF for 2D drawings. More comprehensive formats may embed materials, tolerances, and metadata. Versioning and data management are important in collaborative environments.

Typical applications range from mechanical components and consumer products to architecture and aerospace. CAD models underpin design reviews, simulation (finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics), and computer-aided manufacturing and 3D printing. The modelling workflow often proceeds from conceptual sketches to detailed parts, assemblies, drawings, and release for manufacturing.

Advantages of CAD modelling include precise geometry, easy modification, design reuse, and better collaboration. Limitations include software complexity, licensing cost, and the need for data management. Effective use relies on clear design intent, standard naming conventions, and version control.