Bronhokonstrikció

Bronhokonstrikció refers to the narrowing of the airways in the lungs, specifically the bronchi and bronchioles. This narrowing restricts the passage of air, making breathing more difficult. It is a common symptom associated with several respiratory conditions.

The underlying cause of bronhokonstrikció is typically the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the airways. This contraction can be triggered by various factors. Inflammatory processes, often seen in conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can lead to swelling of the airway lining and increased mucus production, further contributing to narrowing. Allergic reactions can also provoke bronhokonstrikció as the body releases histamine and other mediators that cause the muscles to constrict. Irritants such as smoke, pollution, and certain chemicals can directly stimulate the airways, leading to this response.

Symptoms of bronhokonstrikció can vary in severity but commonly include wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. In severe cases, it can lead to significant respiratory distress. Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, listening to the lungs with a stethoscope, and pulmonary function tests to measure airflow. Treatment strategies aim to reverse the narrowing and address the underlying cause. Bronchodilators, medications that relax the smooth muscles of the airways, are frequently used to provide rapid relief. Managing inflammation with corticosteroids is also a key component in treating chronic conditions that cause bronhokonstrikció. Avoiding known triggers and irritants is crucial for prevention and management.