Blóðsykursjafnvægi

Blóðsykursjafnvægi refers to an imbalance in blood glucose levels, often due to issues with insulin production or its effectiveness. This condition can manifest in two primary ways: hyperglycemia, characterized by excessively high blood sugar, and hypoglycemia, where blood sugar levels drop too low.

Hyperglycemia is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone crucial for regulating blood sugar by helping glucose move from the bloodstream into cells for energy. When insulin is insufficient or ineffective, glucose accumulates in the blood. Symptoms can include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision.

Hypoglycemia, conversely, occurs when blood sugar levels fall below a healthy range. This can be caused by various factors, including certain medications (especially insulin or some diabetes pills), excessive alcohol consumption, missed meals, or strenuous physical activity without adequate food intake. Symptoms of hypoglycemia can be rapid and include shakiness, sweating, confusion, dizziness, and a rapid heartbeat. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to loss of consciousness or seizures.

Maintaining blóðsykursjafnvægi is vital for overall health. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to serious long-term complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart. Hypoglycemia, while often presenting with acute symptoms, can also be dangerous if left unaddressed. Management typically involves dietary adjustments, regular exercise, medication as prescribed by a healthcare professional, and regular blood sugar monitoring.