Blowflies

Blowflies are flies of the family Calliphoridae, a group of often metallic-colored flies that are among the first insects to colonize animal carcasses. They occur worldwide and are commonly seen in urban and rural areas where decaying matter is present. The best-known genera include Calliphora (blue bottle), Lucilia (green bottle), and Phormia. Adults are typically shiny blue, green, or bronze, with bristly bodies and a strong attraction to odors of decay and wounds. They also visit flowers for nectar and pollen.

Life cycle and development: Blowflies undergo complete metamorphosis. Females lay eggs on a suitable substrate such as decomposing tissue, wound sites, or carrion. Eggs hatch into larvae (maggots) that feed on the tissue through several instars before entering the pupal stage and later emerging as adults. Growth rates depend on temperature and food availability; development can take days to weeks. Adults live for about two to four weeks and mate repeatedly, producing large numbers of offspring.

Ecology, medical, and forensic relevance: Blowflies play a key role in decomposition and nutrient cycling. Some species cause myiasis in animals, particularly in livestock during warm seasons. Humans sometimes experience accidental myiasis or wound contamination. In forensic science, blowfly larvae and their development are used to estimate postmortem intervals. Certain species are used in maggot therapy to cleanse nonhealing wounds.

Control and management: In agriculture and animal care, sanitation and prompt disposal of carcasses reduce colonization. Wounds and susceptible animals may be protected with barriers and treated to prevent fly access; chemical controls and traps are also used where appropriate.