Blasticidin

Blasticidin is an antibiotic agent derived from the bacterium Streptomyces griseochromogenes. It is primarily used in molecular biology laboratories for selecting genetically modified cells, particularly in mammalian cell culture systems. The compound functions by inhibiting protein synthesis, leading to the death of sensitive cells.

Blasticidin works by binding to the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome, disrupting the translation process. This mechanism makes it useful as a selective agent when paired with a corresponding resistance gene, blasticidin S deaminase, which confers resistance to the antibiotic. Cells expressing this gene can survive in the presence of blasticidin, enabling researchers to distinguish successfully transfected or transformed cells.

In research applications, blasticidin is often employed in combination with other selection markers to enable dual selection strategies. It is favored for its rapid action and high efficiency, often killing non-resistant cells within a few days. The typical concentrations used for selection vary depending on cell type, but generally range from 5 to 50 micrograms per milliliter.

Blasticidin is supplied as a powder and is typically dissolved in aqueous solutions for laboratory use. Due to its potent cytotoxic activity, handling precautions are necessary to prevent unintended exposure.

While blasticidin has limited therapeutic applications, it remains an important tool in genetic engineering, molecular cloning, and the development of stable cell lines. Its use in research has contributed significantly to advancements in functional genomics and cellular biology studies.