Bidriware

Bidriware is a traditional form of metalwork from Bidar, in the state of Karnataka, India, known for its blackened surface decorated with silver inlays. The craft arose in the Deccan region during the medieval period and became associated with the Deccan sultanates, reaching prominence under the Bahmani and Bijapur rulers. Today it is regarded as a distinctive regional handicraft with a strong historical and cultural link to Bidar and the surrounding areas.

The technique centers on a base metal alloy that is zinc-rich, often called the Bidri alloy, with trace amounts of copper and other elements. The surface is treated to produce a deep black patina, creating a striking background for inlaid silver. Designers carve patterns into the surface and embed thin sheets or wires of pure silver into the grooves. After inlay, the piece is burnished and polished to reveal a contrasting, silvery design against the dark ground.

Motifs in Bidriware typically include floral arabesques, geometric patterns, calligraphy, and other intricate designs. Items range from decorative bowls, vases, and trays to cigarette cases, pen stands, prayer books, and ornamental boxes. The craft is concentrated in Bidar and in nearby centers such as Hyderabad, with artisans continuing traditional methods while also adapting to contemporary demands.

Bidriware has received geographic indication protection in India, reflecting its regional heritage. The tradition faces challenges from changing market tastes and generation turnover, but remains an important example of Indian metalwork and cultural craft.