Bidri

Bidri is a form of metal handicraft that originated in Bidar, a city in Karnataka, India. The name derives from Bidar, where the craft developed under royal patronage during the Bahmani and later Deccan sultanates and Mughal periods. Bidriware is renowned for its distinctive black surface contrasted with silver or gold inlays.

The base material is a zinc–copper alloy, which is cast or formed into objects such as bowls, vases, plates, and decorative items. Patterns are created by engraving or chiseling grooves into the surface, after which thin sheets or wires of silver (sometimes gold) are inlaid into the grooves and the inlays are carefully burnished. The characteristic black patina is produced through a chemical patination process that yields a deep, glossy black finish and helps to highlight the inlaid motifs.

Motifs typically feature floral designs, foliage, geometric patterns, and sometimes calligraphy, reflecting Indo-Islamic artistic influences. The craft requires a combination of metalworking, engraving, and precision inlay techniques, and it has historically benefited from royal and noble patronage.

Today, Bidriware is chiefly produced in Bidar, though workshop centers exist in other parts of Karnataka and nearby regions. It remains a valued traditional craft, with artisans producing a range of items including ornamental pieces, handicrafts, and functional wares. Proper care is advised to maintain the patina: avoid moisture and harsh chemicals, and handle items gently to protect the inlays.