Beinschienen

Beinschienen are immobilization devices used to stabilize injuries of the lower limb, including the thigh, knee, lower leg, and ankle. They are employed when a fracture or severe sprain is suspected to prevent further damage and reduce pain before definitive treatment. Beinschienen can be used in both prehospital and clinical settings and are typically applied to keep the leg in a natural, undisturbed position.

Beinschienen are made from various rigid materials, such as wood, metal, or sturdy plastic. In field situations, simple improvised splints (for example, boards, folded magazines, or rigid strips) may be used. A proper splint should extend beyond the joints above and below the injury to immobilize the entire limb segment. Padding is often placed around bony prominences, and the splint is secured with bandages or cloth strips to prevent movement while avoiding excessive pressure that could compromise circulation or nerves.

Application and safety considerations include avoiding realignment of suspected fractures, especially in the presence of a spinal injury. The patient should be kept still, the limb kept at rest, and the splint applied in the position found. Check neurovascular status before and after splinting (sensation, movement, color, temperature, and distal pulses). Seek urgent medical evaluation, as definitive care may involve imaging, splinting with a cast or brace, and, if needed, surgical intervention.

Beinschienen differ from casts in that they are temporary, adjustable immobilization devices intended to stabilize injuries during transport or until definitive treatment is provided.