Bauwerksdynamik

Bauwerksdynamik, or structural dynamics, is the branch of civil and mechanical engineering that studies the behavior of structures under time-dependent loads. It addresses how mass, stiffness and damping govern vibrations and how these vibrations affect safety, comfort, and functionality. Dynamic loads include earthquakes, wind, and machinery-induced forces.

The core model is the equation of motion: M x'' + C x' + K x = F(t). Natural frequencies and mode shapes arise from K and M; damping C determines energy dissipation. Analysis often uses linear elastic assumptions, modal analysis with superposition, and damping models such as Rayleigh damping; nonlinearities and soil-structure interaction may be considered for large motions or complex contact.

Common techniques include time-history analysis, response spectrum methods, and frequency-domain approaches, often implemented with finite element models. Numerical methods such as Newmark or other integrators are used to simulate dynamic response. Experimental techniques include modal testing and operational modal analysis.

Applications include seismic design, wind engineering, vibration control (dampers, base isolation, tuned mass dampers), and assessment of machinery-induced vibrations. Structures are designed to avoid excessive resonant amplification and to ensure acceptable comfort and performance. Guidance is provided by standards and codes such as Eurocode 8, ASCE 7, and national regulations.

In research, Bauwerksdynamik explores nonlinear dynamics, hysteresis, probabilistic approaches, and performance-based design to account for uncertainties and to improve predictive capability and resilience of built environments.