Baklängesplanering

Baklängesplanering, also known as backward planning or reverse planning, is a method of project planning that starts with the desired end date or outcome and works backward to determine the sequence of tasks and milestones needed to achieve that goal. The approach is often used in construction, engineering, software development, and event organization, especially when strict deadlines must be met.

In a typical baklängesplanering process, the project manager first defines the final product or event and its required delivery date. Then, each critical milestone is identified and the date by which it must be completed is set. Working backward, the manager determines the dependencies between milestones, allocates resources, and estimates durations for each activity. This backward, or “critical path,” view highlights the latest possible start dates for tasks, making it easier to spot scheduling conflicts and allocate buffers for risk mitigation.

The method contrasts with traditional forward planning, where tasks are scheduled starting from the project initiation date. Because baklängesplanering focuses on the end goal, it can reveal unrealistic expectations early, especially when the cumulative duration of tasks exceeds the available time window. Many organizations combine both approaches: a forward view for detailed execution and a backward view to maintain tight control over the completion timeline.

Key benefits include clearer deadline management, early identification of potential delays, and more accurate resource allocation. Potential drawbacks are that it may oversimplify complex interdependencies and can be less effective for projects with highly fluid requirements or where new tasks may emerge during execution.