BIOSs
BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It is firmware that provides the first instructions a computer executes when powered on and acts as an interface between the system’s hardware and the operating system. In traditional PC architectures, the BIOS resides in ROM or flash memory on the motherboard and is executed by the CPU during boot.
During the Power-On Self-Test, the BIOS checks essential hardware components, initializes devices such as memory and
After POST, the BIOS reads a boot configuration, typically stored in firmware setup or CMOS, and locates
Modern PCs increasingly use UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), which replaces or supplements traditional BIOS. UEFI
Security and maintenance: Because firmware runs with high privileges, malicious firmware can compromise a system. Firmware
---