Aythya

Aythya is a genus of diving ducks in the family Anatidae, comprising about a dozen species that occur across the Holarctic region. Members of the genus are known for their preference for diving to feed underwater rather than dabbling on the surface. They occupy a variety of wetland habitats, including lakes, marshes, rivers, and coastal bays, and many species undertake seasonal migrations between breeding and wintering grounds.

Physically, Aythya ducks are medium-sized with compact bodies and relatively short necks. They have strong legs set far back for powerful diving. Plumage between the sexes is often distinct in breeding season, with males typically more vividly colored than females, which tend to be brown and cryptic. Some species carry distinctive features, such as the tufted crest in the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula).

Ecology and behavior: Aythya ducks feed primarily by diving underwater to forage for aquatic invertebrates, mollusks, crustaceans, seeds, and aquatic vegetation. They can remain submerged for extended periods and often feed in relatively shallow waters. Nesting typically occurs near water, with the female building a vegetation-lined cup nest and incubating eggs for about three weeks; the precocial ducklings soon leave the nest and follow the mother to feeding sites.

Notable species include the canvasback (Aythya valisineria), redhead (Aythya americana), ring-necked duck (Aythya collaris), and the tufted duck (Aythya fuligula). The greater (A. marila) and lesser (A. affinis) scaups are also members of this genus. Taxonomic treatment varies among authorities, but all are united by their diving lifestyle and affinity for aquatic habitats. Conservation status varies by species and region, with habitat loss and hunting presenting common concerns.