Audiologie

Audiologie, or audiology, is the branch of science and medicine focused on hearing and balance disorders in humans. It covers the identification, assessment, management, and prevention of hearing loss and vestibular problems, as well as the rehabilitation of individuals using hearing aids, cochlear implants, and other assistive devices. Audiologists evaluate hearing, balance, speech perception, and communication difficulties, and provide counseling on communication strategies and hearing protection.

The modern discipline emerged from otology and psychoacoustics in the 19th and 20th centuries, with the development of standardized audiometry and speech testing. Over time, advances in amplification, cochlear implantation, and vestibular assessment broadened the scope of clinical practice.

Practice and scope: Audiology is delivered in hospitals, clinics, schools, and private practice. Pediatric audiology emphasizes newborn and pediatric screening, early amplification, and intervention. In adults, services address hearing loss, tinnitus, balance disorders, and rehabilitation. Audiologists may perform vestibular testing, fit devices, and offer counseling and rehabilitation programs.

Education and regulation: Entry typically requires a graduate-level degree in audiology and supervised clinical training. Many countries require licensure or certification by a professional body, which also sets standards and requires continuing education.

Research and public health: Current directions include early detection of hearing loss, genetic factors, cochlear implant outcomes, noise-induced hearing loss prevention, and tele-audiology to expand access to care. Public programs emphasize newborn screening and hearing conservation programs.