Atsetüülamiin

Atsetüülamiin, also known as acetaminophen in English, is a widely used over-the-counter medication primarily employed for its analgesic (pain-relieving) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. Chemically, it belongs to the class of drugs known as non-opioid analgesics and is structurally unrelated to salicylates or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The compound is commonly found in various pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets, capsules, liquids, and suppositories, often combined with other ingredients like caffeine or decongestants.

Atsetüülamiin was first synthesized in 1877 by the French chemist Joseph-Frédéric Bastien, though its medicinal potential was not recognized until much later. It gained prominence in the early 20th century as a safer alternative to aspirin, particularly for individuals sensitive to salicylates. The drug is metabolized primarily in the liver, where it undergoes enzymatic conversion into metabolites, including a small amount of a toxic intermediate that can cause liver damage if consumed in excessive doses.

The recommended dosage varies depending on age, weight, and medical condition, but standard guidelines typically advise a maximum daily intake of 4 grams (4000 mg) for adults. Overdosing on atsetüülamiin can lead to severe liver injury, which may progress to acute liver failure in extreme cases. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice, necessitating immediate medical attention.

Atsetüülamiin is generally well-tolerated when used as directed, though rare side effects may include allergic reactions, skin rashes, or blood disorders. It is contraindicated in individuals with pre-existing liver disease or those who consume excessive amounts of alcohol, as alcohol can exacerbate liver toxicity. The drug is available under numerous brand names worldwide, including Tylenol, Panadol, and Paracetamol, reflecting its global usage and accessibility.